9 V.S.A. § ___ § 4553

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Verified 10/18/2026 · Next check 11/17/2026
effective 10/18/2026VermontFair Housing & Anti-Discrimination

Operative Text

9 V.S.A. § ___ § 4553
(a) To carry out its duties, the Commission may:

(1) Establish and maintain a principal office and such other offices within the State as it deems necessary.

(2) Meet and hold hearings at any place within the State.

(3) Appoint employees as necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(4) Administer oaths and take the testimony of any person under oath in connection with a complaint filed under section 4554 of this title.

(5) Issue subpoenas to compel testimony or access to or production of records, documents, and other evidence or possible sources of evidence or the appearance of persons, provided that the subpoena is issued pursuant to a complaint filed in accordance with section 4554 of this title and that there is reasonable cause to believe that those materials or the testimony of the person are material to the complaint. Subpoenas issued under this subdivision shall be accompanied with a notice that informs the person that the person has a right to contest the subpoena at a hearing before not less than three members of the Commission and that the person has the additional right to contest the subpoena in court. Subpoenas issued under this subdivision shall be enforced as provided in 3 V.S.A. §§ 809a and 809b.

(6)(A) Enforce conciliation agreements and prohibitions against discrimination by bringing an action in the name of the Commission seeking any of the following:

(i) Temporary or permanent injunctive relief in the public interest and for an individual aggrieved by unlawful discrimination.

(ii) The imposition of a civil penalty of not more than $10,000.00 for each violation of law, including violations of any temporary restraining order issued pursuant to this section. For an intentional and continuing violation of a court order after a date set in the order, each day of violation shall be a separate offense.

(iii) Compensatory and punitive damages on behalf of an aggrieved individual or class of individuals similarly situated.

(iv) Costs and reasonable attorney’s fees associated with the investigation and enforcement of actions; any such costs or fees recovered by the Human Rights Commission under this chapter shall be deposited in the Commission’s special fund and shall be available to the Commission to offset the costs of providing legal services.

(v) Other appropriate relief.

(vi) Trial by jury.

(B) The action may be brought in the Superior Court of the county in which the violation is alleged to have occurred or in Washington County, and the court is authorized to render all of the relief listed in this subdivision (6).

(7) Utilize voluntary and uncompensated services of private individuals and organizations for administrative and educational purposes as may from time to time be offered and needed; however, volunteers may not be used to investigate complaints.

(8) Conduct educational activities and publicize how and where to file complaints.

(b) The Human Rights Commission shall forward, on or before January 1 of each year, to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate an annual report on the status of Commission program operations, the number and type of calls received, complaints filed and investigated, closure of litigated and nonlitigated complaints, public educational activities undertaken, and recommendations for improved human rights advocacy and activities. The provisions of 2 V.S.A. § 20(d) (expiration of required reports) shall not apply to the report to be made under this subsection.

(c) To carry out its duties under this chapter, the Commission shall adopt procedural and substantive rules in accordance with the provisions of 3 V.S.A. chapter 25. (Added 187, No. 234 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; amended 1989, No. 89, § 5; 1995, No. 172 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; 2005, No. 71, § 98a; 2015, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

Under 9 V.S.A. ch. 141 § 4553, Vermont's Human Rights Commission is granted a broad set of operational and enforcement powers to address unlawful discrimination. These powers include holding hearings, issuing subpoenas, administering oaths, and bringing court actions that can result in injunctive relief, civil penalties up to $10,000 per violation, and compensatory or punitive damages. The Commission is also required to submit an annual report to the Vermont Legislature and must adopt formal procedural and substantive rules to govern its operations.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on October 18, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

Property owners and managers operating in Vermont should be aware that under 9 V.S.A. ch. 141 § 4553, the Human Rights Commission holds significant investigative and enforcement authority, including the power to subpoena records and compel testimony in connection with a discrimination complaint. Operators who maintain thorough documentation of their rental practices, apply consistent policies across all applicants and tenants, and cooperate with Commission inquiries generally reflect the kind of compliance this provision is designed to encourage. Civil penalties of up to $10,000 per violation—and additional per-day penalties for continuing violations of court orders—underscore the importance of addressing any potential fair housing concerns proactively.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Vermont tenants who believe they have experienced unlawful housing discrimination may find that 9 V.S.A. ch. 141 § 4553 gives the Human Rights Commission meaningful tools to investigate and act on their behalf, including the ability to subpoena evidence and pursue court remedies such as injunctive relief, compensatory damages, and attorney's fees. Tenants have the right to file a complaint under section 4554 of this title, which can trigger the Commission's investigative powers. Those seeking to understand their options may consider reaching out to the Vermont Human Rights Commission directly or consulting a tenant-rights organization familiar with state fair housing law.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated October 18, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

Effective Timeline

Current
Oct 18, 2026
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References Out

Rules and statutes cited by this regulation

3 V.S.A. § 809a
Not yet ingested
2 V.S.A. § 20
Not yet ingested
3 V.S.A. ch. 25
Not yet ingested

References In

Rules and statutes that cite this regulation

9 V.S.A. ch. 141
9 V.S.A. § 4554
9 V.S.A. § 4554
9 V.S.A. § 4553

Related Rules

§ 5.106
§ 5.106 Equal access in accordance with the individual's gender identity in community planning and development programs.
§ 5.109
§ 5.109 Equal participation of faith-based organizations in HUD programs and activities.
§ 2
Policies; recommendations

Source Information

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