9 V.S.A. § ___ § 2451a

Definitions

In Force
Verified 10/18/2026 · Next check 11/17/2026
effective 10/18/2026VermontLease Requirements

Operative Text

9 V.S.A. § ___ § 2451a
As used in this chapter:

(1) “Consumer” means any person who purchases, leases, contracts for, or otherwise agrees to pay consideration for goods or services not for resale in the ordinary course of the person’s trade or business but for the person’s use or benefit or the use or benefit of a member of the person’s household, or in connection with the operation of the person’s household or a farm whether or not the farm is conducted as a trade or business, or a person who purchases, leases, contracts for, or otherwise agrees to pay consideration for goods or services not for resale in the ordinary course of the person’s trade or business but for the use or benefit of the person’s business or in connection with the operation of the person’s business.

(2) “Goods” or “services” shall include any objects, wares, goods, commodities, work, labor, intangibles, courses of instruction or training, securities, bonds, debentures, stocks, real estate, or other property or services of any kind. The term also includes bottled liquified petroleum (LP or propane) gas.

(3) “Seller” means a person regularly and principally engaged in a business of selling goods or services to consumers.

(4) “Home solicitation sale” means the sale or lease, or the offer for sale or lease, of goods or services with a purchase price of $5.00 or more, whether under single or multiple contracts, where the sale, lease, or offer thereof is either personally solicited or consummated by a seller at the residence or place of business or employment of the consumer, or at a seller’s transient quarters, or solicited or consummated by a seller wholly or in part by telephone with a consumer at the residence or place of business or employment of the consumer. Transient quarters includes hotel or motel rooms, or any other place utilized as a temporary business location. The term “home solicitation sale” does not include a transaction:

(A) Made pursuant to prior negotiations in the course of a visit by the consumer to a retail business establishment having a fixed permanent location where the goods are exhibited or the services are offered for sale on a continuing basis.

(B) In which the consumer has initiated the contact and specifically requested the seller to visit the consumer’s home for the purpose of repairing or performing maintenance upon the consumer’s personal property. If, in the course of such a visit, the seller sells the consumer the right to receive additional services or goods other than replacement parts necessarily used in performing the maintenance or in making the repairs, the sale of those additional goods or services would not fall within this exclusion.

(C) Conducted and consummated entirely by mail and without any other contact between the consumer and the seller prior to delivery of the goods or performance of the services.

(D) With a purchase price of under $25.00 where the consumer is not required to sign any contract, receipt, sales ticket, evidence of indebtedness, or other writing, and the goods, services, or merchandise purchased are capable of delivery or performance at one time.

(E) Pertaining to the sale or rental of real property, to the sale of insurance, to the sale of securities by a broker dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or to the sale of commodities by any person registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

(F) Where, in the case of goods, the buyer may at any time:

(i)(I) cancel the order prior to delivery of the goods and receive a full refund for any monies paid;

(II) refuse to accept the goods when delivered, without incurring any obligation to pay for them and receive a full refund for any monies paid; or

(III) return the goods to the seller and receive a full refund for any monies paid;

(ii) the buyer’s right to cancel the order or return the goods without obligation or charge at any time and receive a full refund for any monies paid is clearly and unmistakably set forth on the face or reverse side of the sales ticket; and

(iii) the goods or merchandise purchased under an agreement meeting the requirements specified in subdivisions (i) and (ii) of this subdivision (F) are capable of delivery at one time.

(G) Solicited or consummated wholly or in part by telephone where the seller offers a full refund and right of cancellation for at least ten days after receipt of the goods or services, and a full refund within 30 days of return of the goods or cancellation of the services or under terms no more restrictive than those set forth in subsections 2454(a), (c), and (d) of this title, and the right of refund and cancellation is conspicuously disclosed with the goods or services.

(H) Solicited or consummated wholly or in part by a federally insured depository institution or its subsidiary, affiliate, or parent organizations, or by a public utility regulated by the Federal Communications Commission or the Vermont Public Utility Commission.

(I) In response to an order placed by a farmer for farm-related goods or services, whether in person, by telephone, or otherwise, and the farmer has a preexisting open end credit plan with the seller.

(5) “Business day” means any calendar day except Saturday, Sunday, or any day classified as a holiday under 1 V.S.A. § 371.

(6) “Purchase price” means the total price paid or to be paid for the consumer goods or services, including all interest and service charges.

(7) “Lessor” means a person engaged in a business of leasing goods to consumers.

(8) “Collusion” means an agreement, contract, combination in the form of trusts or otherwise, or conspiracy to engage in price fixing, bid rigging, or market division or allocation of goods or services between or among persons. (Added 1973, No. 221 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. June 7, 1974; amended 1985, No. 34, § 1; 1985, No. 61; 1993, No. 99, § 3; 1995, No. 23, § 1; 1997, No. 42, § 1; 2001, No. 42, § 2; 2011, No. 168 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. May 18, 2012; 2021, No. 20, § 16.)
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

Vermont's consumer protection chapter (9 V.S.A. ch. 63 § 2451a) establishes the foundational vocabulary used throughout the chapter's rules. It defines who qualifies as a "consumer" (broadly, anyone buying goods or services for personal, household, farm, or business use rather than for resale), what counts as "goods or services" (an expansive list including real estate, labor, and LP gas), and what constitutes a "home solicitation sale" (a transaction of $5.00 or more personally, telephonically, or otherwise initiated by a seller at the consumer's home or workplace). The section also carves out specific categories of transactions that are excluded from the home solicitation sale definition, such as consumer-initiated repair visits, purely mail-order transactions, and certain regulated-industry sales.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on October 18, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

Property owners and managers who lease or sell real estate to consumers should be aware that 9 V.S.A. ch. 63 § 2451a defines the terms that govern how Vermont's consumer protection rules apply to their transactions. Because "goods or services" explicitly includes real estate, and because the "home solicitation sale" definition can encompass telephone-solicited or in-person lease negotiations conducted at a consumer's residence, operators generally ensure their sales and leasing practices align with the chapter's requirements. Compliant operators typically document whether a transaction falls within one of the statutory exclusions—such as the consumer-initiated contact exclusion or the real property sale/rental exclusion under subsection (E)—so that their records reflect the basis for any differing treatment.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Under 9 V.S.A. ch. 63 § 2451a, Vermont's consumer protection chapter defines "consumer" broadly enough to cover most residential tenants and household members, meaning the protections built on these definitions may apply to a wide range of housing-related transactions. If a landlord or seller approached you at your home or by phone to solicit a lease, service contract, or related agreement, the home solicitation sale definition in this section may be relevant to whether additional consumer rights—such as cancellation rights found elsewhere in the chapter—apply to that transaction. Tenants who believe a transaction may have triggered these protections can explore their options by contacting the Vermont Attorney General's Consumer Assistance Program or a local tenant-rights organization for general information about the chapter's remedies.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated October 18, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

Effective Timeline

Current
Oct 18, 2026
Click on timeline segments to view historical versions.

References Out

Rules and statutes cited by this regulation

1 V.S.A. § 371
Not yet ingested

References In

Rules and statutes that cite this regulation

9 V.S.A. § 2453
9 V.S.A. § 2458
9 V.S.A. § 2453
9 V.S.A. § 2453
9 V.S.A. § 2453
9 V.S.A. § 2453

Related Rules

§ 244.280
Tenant to be given copy of lease
§ 151.35
SEVERABILITY
§ 165.12
SEVERABILITY

Source Information

Snapshot SHA:
Fetched:Oct 18, 2026, 09:49 PM UTC