Cal. Civ. Code § 49-2-501
Filing Complaints
Operative Text
(1) A person claiming to be aggrieved by any discriminatory practice prohibited by this chapter may file a complaint with the department. (2) A complaint may be filed on behalf of a person charging unlawful discrimination prohibited by this chapter if the person acting on behalf of the charging party is the charging party's guardian, attorney, or duly authorized representative or an advocacy group, labor organization, or other organization acting as an authorized representative. (3) The complaint must be written and verified and must state the name and address of the party alleged to have engaged in the discriminatory practice and the particulars of the alleged discriminatory practice. (4) (a) Except as provided in 49-2-510 and subsection (4)(b) of this section, a complaint under this chapter must be filed with the department within 180 days after the alleged unlawful discriminatory practice occurred or was discovered. (b) If the charging party has initiated efforts to resolve the dispute underlying the complaint by filing a grievance in accordance with any grievance procedure established by a collective bargaining agreement, contract, or written rule or policy, the complaint may be filed within 180 days after the conclusion of the grievance procedure if the grievance procedure concludes within 120 days after the alleged unlawful discriminatory practice occurred or was discovered. If the grievance procedure does not conclude within 120 days, the complaint must be filed within 300 days after the alleged unlawful discriminatory practice occurred or was discovered. (5) If the department determines that the complaint is untimely, it shall dismiss the complaint on a finding of no reasonable cause. A charging party may file objections to the dismissal with the commission pursuant to 49-2-511 .
Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-501 establishes the process for filing a discrimination complaint with the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. A complaint must be written, verified, and submitted within 180 days of when the alleged discriminatory practice occurred or was discovered, though this window may be extended under certain conditions involving a grievance procedure. If an existing grievance process is used first and concludes within 120 days, the filing deadline shifts to 180 days after that conclusion; if the grievance process runs longer than 120 days, the complaint must be filed within 300 days of the original incident. Complaints filed outside these timeframes are subject to dismissal, though the charging party may object to that dismissal before the commission.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-501, housing providers operating in Montana should be aware that individuals who believe they have experienced unlawful discrimination may file a formal written complaint with the state department naming the respondent and describing the alleged practice. Operators generally maintain clear records of their policies, communications, and decisions so they can respond accurately if a complaint is filed against them. Understanding that the filing window can extend beyond the standard 180 days when a grievance procedure is involved helps property managers anticipate when a complaint might arrive.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Mont. Code Ann. § 49-2-501 gives individuals who believe they have experienced housing discrimination the right to file a written, verified complaint with the Montana Department of Labor and Industry, either personally or through a guardian, attorney, authorized representative, or advocacy organization. The standard deadline for filing is 180 days from when the discriminatory practice occurred or was discovered, but if a formal grievance procedure was pursued first, that window may shift depending on how long the grievance process took. If the department dismisses a complaint as untimely, § 49-2-501(5) provides a path to file objections with the commission, and tenant-rights organizations can help individuals understand which options may be available to them.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated October 22, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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