Cal. Civ. Code § 24-34-505.6
Enforcement by private persons.
Operative Text
(1) Notwithstanding any provision of this article to the contrary, an aggrieved person may commence a civil action in an appropriate United States district court or state district court not later than two years after the occurrence or the termination of an alleged discriminatory housing practice or the breach of a conciliation agreement entered into under this title, whichever occurs last, to obtain appropriate relief with respect to such discriminatory housing practice or breach. (2) The computation of such two-year period shall not include any time during which an administrative proceeding under this title was pending with respect to a complaint or charge under this title based upon such discriminatory housing practice. This subsection (2) does not apply to actions arising from a breach of a conciliation agreement. (3) Notwithstanding any provision of this article to the contrary, an aggrieved person may commence a civil action under this section whether or not a charge has been filed under section 24-34-306 and without regard to the status of any such charge, but if the director or local agency has obtained a conciliation agreement with the consent of an aggrieved person, no action may be filed under this section by such aggrieved person with respect to the alleged discriminatory housing practice which forms the basis for such charge except for the purpose of enforcing the terms of such an agreement. (4) An aggrieved person may not commence a civil action under this section with respect to an alleged discriminatory housing practice which forms the basis of a complaint issued by the commission if an administrative law judge has commenced a hearing on the record under this title with respect to such complaint. (5) At the request of the aggrieved person, the court may appoint an attorney in accordance with section 24-34-307 (9.5). (6) In addition to the relief that may be granted in accordance with section 24-34-508, the following relief is available: (a) If the court finds that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur, the court may award to the plaintiff actual and punitive damages or may grant as relief, as the court deems appropriate, any permanent or temporary injunction, temporary restraining order, or other order, including an order enjoining the defendant from engaging in such practice or ordering such affirmative action as may be appropriate. If the court awards damages to a plaintiff as described in this subsection (6)(a), and the court finds that the defendant violated section 24-34-502 (1)(h), (1)(l), (1)(m), (1)(n), (1)(o), (1)(p), or (1)(r) and that the violation concerns discrimination on the basis of an individual's use of a housing subsidy, as defined in section 38-12-902 (1.7), the court shall award to the plaintiff at least five thousand dollars in damages. (b) The court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party reasonable attorney fees and costs. (c) Relief granted under this section shall not affect any contract, sale, encumbrance, or lease consummated before the granting of such relief and involving a bona fide purchaser, encumbrancer, or tenant, without actual notice of the filing of a charge with the commission or a civil action under this section. (7) Repealed. (8) A calculation of actual damages pursuant to this section must include consideration of losses that a tenant may incur as a result of the tenant forfeiting their housing subsidy as a result of the landlord discriminating against the tenant based on the tenant's source or amount of income.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-505.6 establishes a private right of action that allows individuals who believe they have experienced discriminatory housing practices to sue in federal or state court without waiting for an administrative process to conclude. The filing window is generally two years from the last occurrence of the alleged discrimination or the termination of a conciliation agreement, though time spent in an active administrative proceeding does not count against that deadline. Courts handling these cases may award actual and punitive damages—including a mandatory minimum of $5,000 when discrimination involved a housing subsidy—as well as injunctive relief and, at the court's discretion, attorney fees and costs.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-505.6, property owners and managers should be aware that individuals alleging discriminatory housing practices can bring a civil lawsuit independently of any administrative complaint, and that both proceedings can run concurrently in some circumstances. Compliant operators generally maintain consistent, documented criteria for tenant selection and rental decisions, particularly regarding applicants who use housing subsidies, since courts are required to award at least $5,000 in damages when a subsidy-related violation is proven. Operators also typically ensure that staff involved in leasing and property management are trained on fair housing obligations under Colorado law to reduce exposure to claims under this section.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 24-34-505.6 gives individuals who have experienced discriminatory housing practices the right to file a civil lawsuit in state or federal court, generally within two years of the discriminatory act or the end of a conciliation agreement—and time spent in an administrative proceeding is paused from that clock. If the discrimination involved a housing subsidy, the law requires the court to award at least $5,000 in damages if a violation is proven, and courts may also grant injunctive relief and attorney fees. Tenants exploring their options may consider contacting a tenant-rights organization, reviewing whether an administrative complaint under § 24-34-306 has already been filed, or consulting with a fair housing attorney to understand how the different enforcement paths interact.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated October 16, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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