usc 15 § 1681j

Charges for certain disclosures (COMMERCE AND TRADE (15 U.S.C.))

In Force
Verified 9/13/2026 · Next check 10/13/2026
effective 9/13/2026FederalAffordable Housing Programs

Operative Text

usc 15 § 1681j
All consumer reporting agencies described in subsections (p) and (w)  of  shall make all disclosures pursuant to  once during any 12-month period upon request of the consumer and without charge to the consumer.

Subparagraph (A) shall apply with respect to a consumer reporting agency described in  only if the request from the consumer is made using the centralized source established for such purpose in accordance with section 211(c)  of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003. 1

The Commission  shall prescribe regulations applicable to each consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(w)  of this title to require the establishment of a streamlined process for consumers to request consumer reports under subparagraph (A), which shall include, at a minimum, the establishment by each such agency of a toll-free telephone number for such requests. 1

In prescribing regulations under clause (i), the Bureau shall consider—

the significant demands that may be placed on consumer reporting agencies in providing such consumer reports;

appropriate means to ensure that consumer reporting agencies can satisfactorily meet those demands, including the efficacy of a system of staggering the availability to consumers of such consumer reports; and

the ease by which consumers should be able to contact consumer reporting agencies with respect to access to such consumer reports.

The Commission  shall issue the regulations required by this subparagraph in final form not later than 6 months after . 2

The regulations of the Bureau under this subparagraph shall establish an effective date by which each nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency (as defined in section 1681a(w)  of this title) shall be required to comply with subsection (a), which effective date— 1

shall be established after consideration of the ability of each nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency to comply with subsection (a); and

shall be not later than 6 months after the date on which such regulations are issued in final form (or such additional period not to exceed 3 months, as the Bureau determines appropriate).

A consumer reporting agency shall provide a consumer report under paragraph (1) not later than 15 days after the date on which the request is received under paragraph (1).

Notwithstanding the time periods specified in , a reinvestigation under that section by a consumer reporting agency upon a request of a consumer that is made after receiving a consumer report under this subsection shall be completed not later than 45 days after the date on which the request is received.

This subsection shall not apply to a consumer reporting agency that has not been furnishing consumer reports to third parties on a continuing basis during the 12-month period preceding a request under paragraph (1), with respect to consumers residing nationwide.

Each consumer reporting agency that maintains a file on a consumer shall make all disclosures pursuant to  without charge to the consumer if, not later than 60 days after receipt by such consumer of a notification pursuant to , or of a notification from a debt collection agency affiliated with that consumer reporting agency stating that the consumer’s credit rating may be or has been adversely affected, the consumer makes a request under .

Upon the request of the consumer, a consumer reporting agency shall make all disclosures pursuant to  once during any 12-month period without charge to that consumer if the consumer certifies in writing that the consumer—

is unemployed and intends to apply for employment in the 60-day period beginning on the date on which the certification is made;

is a recipient of public welfare assistance; or

has reason to believe that the file on the consumer at the agency contains inaccurate information due to fraud.

Upon the request of a consumer, a consumer reporting agency described in  shall make all disclosures pursuant to  without charge to the consumer, as provided in subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2) of , as applicable.

A consumer reporting agency shall not impose any charge on a consumer for providing any notification required by this subchapter or making any disclosure required by this subchapter, except as authorized by subsection (f).

In the case of a request from a consumer other than a request that is covered by any of subsections (a) through (d), a consumer reporting agency may impose a reasonable charge on a consumer—

for making a disclosure to the consumer pursuant to , which charge—

shall not exceed $8; and

shall be indicated to the consumer before making the disclosure; and

for furnishing, pursuant to , following a reinvestigation under , a statement, codification, or summary to a person designated by the consumer under that section after the 30-day period beginning on the date of notification of the consumer under paragraph (6) or (8) of  with respect to the reinvestigation, which charge—

shall not exceed the charge that the agency would impose on each designated recipient for a consumer report; and

shall be indicated to the consumer before furnishing such information.

The Bureau shall increase the amount referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) on January 1 of each year, based proportionally on changes in the Consumer Price Index, with fractional changes rounded to the nearest fifty cents.

Subject to rulemaking pursuant to section 205(b) of the Credit CARD Act of 2009, any advertisement for a free credit report in any medium shall prominently disclose in such advertisement that free credit reports are available under Federal law at: “AnnualCreditReport.com” (or such other source as may be authorized under Federal law).

In the case of an advertisement broadcast by television, the disclosures required under paragraph (1) shall be included in the audio and visual part of such advertisement. In the case of an advertisement broadcast by televison  or radio, the disclosure required under paragraph (1) shall consist only of the following: “This is not the free credit report provided for by Federal law”.
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

Under 15 U.S.C. § 1681j, consumer reporting agencies are required to provide consumers with free access to their own consumer reports under specific circumstances — including once per 12-month period through designated channels, after receiving an adverse action notice, and when a consumer is unemployed, on public welfare, or suspects fraud in their file. Outside these free-access situations, agencies may charge a capped fee (subject to annual CPI adjustment) for additional disclosures, but they must disclose that fee before providing the report. The provision also regulates how agencies advertise 'free' credit reports, requiring any such advertisement to clearly direct consumers to the federally authorized source at AnnualCreditReport.com.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on September 13, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

While 15 U.S.C. § 1681j primarily governs consumer reporting agencies rather than landlords directly, property owners and managers who use consumer reports in tenant screening should be aware that applicants have federally protected rights to access their own credit files at no charge under defined circumstances. Compliant operators who issue adverse action notices — such as denials based on credit information — generally ensure those notices are accurate and timely, since receipt of such a notice triggers a 60-day window during which the consumer is entitled to a free disclosure from the reporting agency. Understanding this framework helps operators anticipate that applicants may obtain and review their own reports in response to screening decisions made under this provision.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Under 15 U.S.C. § 1681j, you have the right to obtain your consumer report for free in several situations: once every 12 months through the centralized source (AnnualCreditReport.com), within 60 days of receiving an adverse action notice, or if you are unemployed and seeking work, receiving public welfare, or believe your file contains fraudulent inaccuracies. If a consumer reporting agency charges you a fee outside the circumstances permitted by this provision, that may constitute a violation you can raise with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) or your state attorney general's office. Tenant-rights organizations and legal aid services can help you understand how these free-report rights interact with housing application decisions.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated September 13, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

Effective Timeline

Current
Sep 13, 2026
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Related Rules

§ 1437
Declaration of policy and public housing agency organization
§ 5.100
§ 5.100 Definitions.
§ 5.107
§ 5.107 Audit requirements for non-profit organizations.

Source Information

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