12 C.F.R. § 1022.130
§ 1022.130 Definitions. (12 CFR Part 1022)
Operative Text
For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply: (a) Annual file disclosure means a file disclosure that is provided to a consumer, upon consumer request and without charge, once in any twelve month period, in compliance with section 612(a) of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681j(a). (b) Associated consumer reporting agency means a consumer reporting agency that owns or maintains consumer files housed within systems operated by one or more nationwide consumer reporting agencies. (c) Consumer report has the meaning provided in section 603(d) of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681a(d). (d) Consumer reporting agency has the meaning provided in section 603(f) of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681a(f). (e) Extraordinary request volume occurs when the number of consumers requesting or attempting to request file disclosures during any twenty-four hour period is more than 175 percent of the rolling ninety-day daily average of consumers requesting or attempting to request file disclosures. For example, if over the previous ninety days an average of one hundred consumers per day requested or attempted to request file disclosures, then extraordinary request volume would be any volume greater than 175 percent of one hundred, i.e., 176 or more requests in a single twenty-four hour period. (f) File disclosure means a disclosure by a consumer reporting agency pursuant to section 609 of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681g. (g) High request volume occurs when the number of consumers requesting or attempting to request file disclosures during any twenty-four hour period is more than 125 percent of the rolling ninety-day daily average of consumers requesting or attempting to request file disclosures. For example, if over the previous ninety days an average of one hundred consumers per day requested or attempted to request file disclosures, then high request volume would be any volume greater than 125 percent of one hundred, i.e., 126 or more requests in a single twenty-four hour period. (h) Nationwide consumer reporting agency means a consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis as defined in section 603(p) of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681a(p). (i) Nationwide specialty consumer reporting agency has the meaning provided in section 603(w) of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681a(w). (j) Request method means the method by which a consumer chooses to communicate a request for an annual file disclosure.
Section 1022.130 establishes the vocabulary used throughout this subpart of the CFPB's Regulation V rules implementing the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). It defines key terms such as 'annual file disclosure' (a free, once-per-year consumer report file disclosure), 'high request volume' (daily requests exceeding 125% of the 90-day rolling average), and 'extraordinary request volume' (daily requests exceeding 175% of that same average), among others. These definitions set the boundaries for how consumer reporting agencies must interpret and apply the rules that follow in this subpart. Understanding these terms is foundational to reading any obligation or right described elsewhere in 12 CFR Part 1022 § 1022.130's subpart.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Property owners and managers who use consumer reports—such as tenant screening reports—should be aware that the agencies supplying those reports operate under the definitional framework established by § 1022.130. Compliant operators generally understand that the consumer reporting agencies they work with are subject to volume-based rules (including the 'high request volume' and 'extraordinary request volume' thresholds) that can affect how quickly file disclosures are processed. Familiarity with these definitions helps operators recognize when a delay or procedural variation from a reporting agency may be permissible under the regulatory framework rather than a service failure.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Under § 1022.130, consumers have a defined right to one free 'annual file disclosure' per twelve-month period from consumer reporting agencies, including those that may hold rental history or background check data. If a consumer reporting agency is slow to respond to a file request, the volume thresholds defined in § 1022.130—'high request volume' and 'extraordinary request volume'—may be relevant to understanding any permissible delays. Tenants who believe their rights to file disclosures have not been honored can explore options such as filing a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) or contacting a tenant-rights or consumer-rights organization for general guidance.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated September 4, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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