12 C.F.R. § 1002.108
§ 1002.108 Firewall. (12 CFR Part 1002)
Operative Text
(a) Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (1) Involved in making any determination concerning a covered application from a small business means participating in a decision regarding the evaluation of a covered application from a small business or the creditworthiness of a small business applicant for a covered credit transaction. (2) Should have access means that an employee or officer may need to collect, see, consider, refer to, or otherwise use the information to perform that employee's or officer's assigned job duties. (b) Prohibition on access to certain information. Unless the exception under paragraph (c) of this section applies, an employee or officer of a covered financial institution or a covered financial institution's affiliate shall not have access to an applicant's responses to inquiries that the financial institution makes pursuant to this subpart regarding whether the applicant is a minority-owned business or a women-owned business under § 1002.107(a)(18), and regarding the ethnicity, race, and sex of the applicant's principal owners under § 1002.107(a)(19), if that employee or officer is involved in making any determination concerning that applicant's covered application. (c) Exception to the prohibition on access to certain information. The prohibition in paragraph (b) of this section shall not apply to an employee or officer if the financial institution determines that it is not feasible to limit that employee's or officer's access to an applicant's responses to the financial institution's inquiries under § 1002.107(a)(18) or (19) and the financial institution provides the notice required under paragraph (d) of this section to the applicant. It is not feasible to limit access as required pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section if the financial institution determines that an employee or officer involved in making any determination concerning a covered application from a small business should have access to one or more applicants' responses to the financial institution's inquiries under § 1002.107(a)(18) or (19). (d) Notice. In order to satisfy the exception set forth in paragraph (c) of this section, a financial institution shall provide a notice to each applicant whose responses will be accessed, informing the applicant that one or more employees or officers involved in making determinations concerning the covered application may have access to the applicant's responses to the financial institution's inquiries regarding whether the applicant is a minority-owned business or a women-owned business, and regarding the ethnicity, race, and sex of the applicant's principal owners. The financial institution shall provide the notice required by this paragraph (d) when making the inquiries required under § 1002.107(a)(18) and (19) and together with the notices required pursuant to § 1002.107(a)(18) and (19).
Section 1002.108 establishes a 'firewall' rule that generally bars employees or officers who participate in evaluating a small business credit application from seeing that applicant's self-reported demographic data — specifically, whether the business is minority-owned or women-owned, and the ethnicity, race, and sex of its principal owners. An exception exists when a financial institution determines that restricting such access is not feasible, but only if the institution notifies the applicant that decision-making personnel may see that demographic information. The notice must be delivered at the same time the demographic inquiries are made, so applicants are informed before their data is collected.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Section 1002.108 does not directly govern landlord-tenant relationships; it is a federal small business lending regulation under 12 CFR Part 1002. Property owners or managers who also operate as covered financial institutions extending covered credit to small businesses would generally maintain internal access controls that prevent loan-decision personnel from viewing applicant demographic responses, and would document any feasibility determination that triggers the exception along with the required applicant notice.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Section 1002.108 is a small business lending rule rather than a residential tenancy provision, so it does not create rights or obligations in a typical landlord-tenant context. Small business owners who are applying for covered credit and believe a financial institution failed to comply with the firewall or notice requirements of § 1002.108 may consider contacting the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or a tenant- and consumer-rights organization for general information about available complaint processes.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated September 4, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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