Buffalo, N.Y., Code of Ordinances ch. 154, art. IV § 154-13

Definitions (Buffalo Fair Housing Ordinance)

In Force
Verified 11/7/2026 · Next check 12/7/2026
BuffaloFair Housing & Anti-Discrimination

Operative Text

Buffalo, N.Y., Code of Ordinances ch. 154, art. IV § 154-13
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated: ADVERTISING Printing, circulating, placing or publishing or causing to be placed or published any written statement, including electronic media, with respect to the availability for sale or rent of housing or the listing of housing with any person, business or entity which maintains a referral list of available housing. COMPLAINANT Means the person who files a complaint with the Fair Housing Officer. DISABILITY A. A physical, mental or medical impairment resulting from anatomical, physiological, genetic or neurological conditions which prevents the exercise of a normal bodily function, which substantially limits one or more major life activities; or is demonstrable by medically accepted clinical or laboratory diagnostic techniques; or B. A record of having such an impairment; or a condition regarded by others as such an impairment; or an association with a person with such an impairment. DWELLING Any building, structure, or portion thereof which is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families, and any vacant land which is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof, located within the City of Buffalo. FAMILIAL STATUS Any person who is pregnant or has a child or is in the process of obtaining legal custody of an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years; or one or more individuals who have not attained the age of 18 years domiciled with a parent or another person having legal custody of such individual or the designee thereof. GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION Include a person's actual or perceived gender-related identity, self-image, appearance, behavior, expression, or other gender-related characteristic regardless of whether the gender identity, self-image, appearance, expression, or behavior is different from that traditionally associated with the sex assigned to that person at birth, including, but not limited to the status of being transgender. HOUSING Any building, structure or portion thereof located within the City of Buffalo which is occupied, intended or designed for occupancy as the home, residence, or sleeping place of one or more persons sharing living quarters. LANDLORD An owner, lessor, sublessor, owner's or lessor's assignee, or managing agent, or other person having the right to sell, rent or lease housing constructed, or to be constructed, or any agent or employee thereof. MAJOR LIFE ACTIVITIES For purposes of this section, include, but are not limited to, caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working. Major life activities also include the operation of a bodily function, including but not limited to, functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions. MARITAL STATUS Single, married, divorced, separated or widowed. MILITARY STATUS A person's participation in the United States military or the military of a state. NATIONAL ORIGIN Ancestry, birthplace, culture, or language. PERSON Includes one or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, fiduciaries, receivers, and trustees. REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION A change, exception, or adjustment to a rule, policy, practice, or service necessary for a person with a disability to have equal access to and enjoyment of housing, including public and common areas. RENT To lease or sublease, to let or to otherwise grant for a consideration the right to occupy a premises not owned by the occupant. SEXUAL ORIENTATION An individual's actual or perceived romantic, physical or sexual attraction to other persons, or lack thereof, on the basis of gender. A continuum of sexual orientation exists and includes, but is not limited to, heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, asexuality, and pansexuality. SOURCE OF INCOME The term "lawful source of income" shall include, but not be limited to, child support, alimony, foster care subsidies, income derived from social security, or any form of federal, state, or local public assistance or housing assistance, including, but not limited to, Section 8 vouchers, or any other form of housing assistance or credit whether or not such income or credit is paid or attributed directly to a landlord, and any other forms of lawful income. THERAPY DOG OR CAT Any dog or cat that is trained to aid the emotional and physical health of patients in hospitals, nursing homes, retirement homes, personal residences, and other settings and is actually used for such purpose, or any dog or cat during the period such dog or cat is being trained or bred for such purpose.
Source: Legislative text reproduced verbatim
Plain English

Section 154-13 of Buffalo, N.Y., Code of Ordinances ch. 154, art. IV establishes the foundational vocabulary for the city's fair housing article. It defines key terms — including 'disability,' 'familial status,' 'gender identity and expression,' 'source of income,' 'military status,' and 'sexual orientation,' among others — that determine who is protected and what conduct is regulated throughout the article. These definitions set the scope of the fair housing protections that follow, clarifying, for example, that 'source of income' includes Section 8 vouchers and other public assistance, and that 'disability' covers a broad range of physical, mental, and medical impairments.

Written by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6 · Reviewed on November 7, 2026

Plain English — not legal advice.

For Property Managers

Under § 154-13 of Buffalo's fair housing ordinance, compliant property owners and managers familiarize themselves with each defined term because those definitions govern what conduct is permissible throughout Article IV. Operators generally review how broadly 'landlord' is defined — encompassing owners, lessors, managing agents, and their employees — to understand that the article's obligations apply across their entire management structure. Attention to the definition of 'source of income,' which explicitly includes Section 8 vouchers and other public assistance, helps operators understand the range of applicants and tenants whose income types are covered by the article's protections.

General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.

For Tenants

Section 154-13 of Buffalo, N.Y., Code of Ordinances ch. 154, art. IV defines the terms that establish who is protected under the city's fair housing rules, and understanding these definitions can help tenants recognize whether a situation may fall within the article's scope. The broad definitions of 'disability,' 'familial status,' 'gender identity and expression,' 'military status,' and 'source of income' — among others — mean that a wide range of personal characteristics and income types may be covered. Tenants who believe they have experienced a violation can file a complaint with the Fair Housing Officer, as referenced in the definition of 'complainant,' or consult a local tenant-rights organization to explore available options.

General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.

Generated November 7, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.

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References In

Rules and statutes that cite this regulation

Buffalo Code § 154-20

Related Rules

§ 5.106
§ 5.106 Equal access in accordance with the individual's gender identity in community planning and development programs.
§ 5.109
§ 5.109 Equal participation of faith-based organizations in HUD programs and activities.
§ 2
Policies; recommendations

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