Staples, Minn., City Code ch. 103, art. IV § 103-91
Light, ventilation, and heating
Operative Text
(a) Light and ventilation. Habitable rooms shall be provided with natural light by means of windows or skylights with a glazed area of not less than eight percent of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of eight square feet. All bathrooms, water closet compartments, and similar rooms shall be provided with natural ventilation by means of openable exterior openings with an area of not less than one-twentieth of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of 1½ square feet. Not less than one-half of the required window or skylight area shall be openable to provide natural ventilation. Exceptions to the requirements for windows are: (1) The glazed areas need not be openable where the opening is not required by this section and an approved mechanical ventilation system capable of producing 0.35 air change per hour in the room is installed or a whole-house mechanical ventilation system is installed capable of supplying outdoor ventilation air of 15 cubic feet per minute (CFM) per occupant computed on the basis of two occupants for the first bedroom and one occupant for each additional bedroom. (2) The glazed areas need not be installed in rooms where the exception in subsection (a)(1) of this section is satisfied and artificial light is provided capable of producing an average illumination of six foot-candles) over the area of the room at a height of 30 inches above the floor level. Windows shall not be required in kitchens of dwelling units when such kitchen has an opening of at least 20 square feet into an adjoining habitable room and when such kitchen is provided with an approved mechanical ventilation system. In addition, the window area of the adjoining habitable room referred to above shall be of sufficient size so as to provide for the light and ventilation requirements of the kitchen area as well as for said adjoining habitable room. (b) Emergency escape and rescue required. Basements with habitable space and every sleeping room shall have at least one openable emergency escape and rescue window or exterior door opening for emergency escape and rescue. Due to various differences regarding measurements and clearances, refer to the state department of public safety, state fire marshal division, SFMD Fact Sheet INS-FACT-16 (for structures with more than two dwellings), and to SFMD Fact Sheet INS-FACT-02 (for one- and two-family dwellings), for this subject, as well as any other emergency egress openings measurements, window wells, bulkhead enclosures, stairways, handrails, railings. These fact sheets are available at www.dps.state.mn.us/fmarshal/FireCode/FireCode.html under the fact/information sheets or at city hall. (c) Electrical outlets and fixtures. In all existing dwellings now or hereafter supplied with electrical service, every habitable room with 120 square feet of floor space or less shall be provided with two separate floor or wall type duplex electric convenience outlets, and an additional duplex electric convenience outlet shall be required for each additional 80 square feet, or fraction thereof, of floor space. Required outlets shall, insofar as possible, be spaced equal distances apart. Kitchens and rooms with kitchen areas shall have one duplex electric convenience outlet in addition to the number herein required for other habitable rooms. One ceiling-type electric light fixture or one wall-type electric light fixture controlled by a remote switch may be supplied in lieu of one required electric convenience outlet in each habitable room. Every public hall, water closet compartment, bathroom, laundry room and furnace room shall contain at least one supplied electric light fixture. All general use cellar or basement areas shall be provided with sufficient artificial light so as to provide one foot-candle of light at all floor areas. All electric outlets and fixtures shall be installed, maintained and energized by a source of electrical power in a manner complying with the state electrical code applicable now or at the time such outlets or fixtures were or are installed. The electric service and all wiring shall be maintained in good condition and used in a safe manner. All hazardous wiring and all disconnected, exposed wiring shall be removed. Any and all substandard work shall be repaired to present day state electrical code requirements. (d) Heating facilities. The owner of every building containing habitable rooms shall provide heating facilities and shall be required to see that said heating facilities are properly installed, safely maintained, and in good working condition, and that said facilities are capable of safely and adequately heating all habitable rooms, bathrooms and toilet rooms located therein to a temperature of at least 68 degrees Fahrenheit, measured at a distance of 36 inches above floor level, and not closer than 36 inches from any wall at all times when the outside temperature is at minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. The owner or operator shall furnish heat to the occupants thereof whenever the outside temperature is 60 degrees Fahrenheit or below for any continuous 24-hour period. Cooking appliances shall not be used to heat any dwelling unit. (e) Exit illumination. The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated at all times the building space served by the means of egress is occupied. Exit illumination is not required inside individual dwelling units. The means of egress illumination shall not be less than one foot-candle at the floor level. Every exterior stairway shall be adequately illuminated at floors, landings and treads.
Staples City Code ch. 103, art. IV § 103-91 establishes minimum standards for light, ventilation, heating, electrical outlets, emergency egress, and exit illumination in residential dwellings. Habitable rooms must receive natural light through windows or skylights covering at least eight percent of the floor area, and mechanical alternatives are permitted under specific conditions. Owners must maintain heating systems capable of reaching 68°F indoors when outside temperatures drop to -20°F, and common areas must be adequately lit whenever occupied.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Under § 103-91, compliant property owners generally ensure that habitable rooms meet the glazed-area and openable-window minimums, or install approved mechanical ventilation and artificial lighting systems where exceptions apply. Heating equipment is kept in safe working order and capable of maintaining 68°F at the prescribed measurement points, and heat is supplied to occupants whenever outdoor temperatures fall to 60°F or below for a continuous 24-hour period. Electrical outlets are provided in the quantities the section specifies, all wiring is maintained to state electrical code standards, and egress paths in common areas are illuminated whenever the building is occupied.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Section 103-91 gives tenants the right to habitable rooms with adequate natural light or approved mechanical alternatives, functioning heat that meets the temperature thresholds stated in the provision, and properly maintained electrical systems. If a rental unit appears to fall short of these standards—such as insufficient heating, missing emergency egress windows, or inadequate lighting in common areas—tenants can document the conditions and contact the city's code enforcement office to request an inspection. Tenant-rights organizations can also help residents understand how a landlord's failure to meet § 103-91 requirements may be raised as a defense or the basis for a formal complaint.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated November 13, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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