Grand Rapids — Ch. 176 Human Rights § 9.964
Exempted Practices
Operative Text
The following practices shall not be violations of this Chapter: (1) Restriction by a religious organization, association, or society, or any nonprofit institution or organization operated, supervised or controlled by or in conjunction with a religious organization, association, or society, limiting the sale, rental or occupancy of dwellings which it owns or operates for other than commercial purposes to persons of the same religion, or giving preference to such persons, unless membership in such religion is discriminatory on the basis of actual or perceived membership in a protected class as identified in Section 9.955 of this Chapter; restriction of employment opportunities to officers, religious instructors, and clergy of the denomination, or; limited admission or preference based on religion in an educational institution controlled by the religious organization, association, society, or affiliated nonprofit. (2) Restriction by a private club or other establishment not open to the public, except to the extent that the goods, services, facilities, resources, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of the private club or establishment are made available to customers or patrons of another establishment that is a place of public accommodation, or the private club or establishment is licensed under the Michigan Liquor Control Act. (3) Restriction, by the owner of an owner-occupied one-family or two-family dwelling, a housing facility, or public accommodation devoted entirely to the housing or accommodation of individuals of one sex, to occupancy and use on the basis of sex. (4) Restriction of occupancy in a housing project, provision of public accommodations or services, or employment privileges or assistance to individuals who are of low income, over forty (40) years of age, or disabled, in circumstances in which such limitations are appropriately designated and in compliance with federal, state, or local law, rules, or regulations. (5) Discrimination based on an individual's age when such discrimination is required by state, federal, or local laws, rules, or regulations. (6) Restrictions on the sharing of a dwelling unit by an individual sharing said unit. (7) Housing exemptions as provided in Chapter 160 of the City Code. (8) Refusal to enter into a contract with an unemancipated minor. (9) Refusal to admit to a place of public accommodation serving alcoholic beverages an individual under the legal age for purchasing alcoholic beverages. (10) Refusal to admit individuals under 18 years of age to a business providing entertainment or selling literature that the operator of said business deems unsuitable for minors. (11) Restrictions on use of facilities or resources by a private educational institution which provides education only to individuals of a particular sex. (12) Restriction on use of an educational institution's facilities and resources to those affiliated with such institution. (13) Restrictions on participation in instructional programs, athletic events, or on athletic teams on the basis of age, sex, height, or weight consistent with applicable federal, state, or local laws, rules, or regulations. (14) Provision of discounts on products or services to students, minors, and older persons. (15) Restrictions by the City of Grand Rapids on use of any of its facilities, or on its employment opportunities, based on duly-adopted institutional policies which conform to local, state, or federal laws, rules, or regulations. Affirmative action provisions related to, preferential treatment of, or benefits conferred on, any of the protected classes identified in Section 9.955 of this Chapter are permissible to the extent allowed by law.
Grand Rapids Ch. 176 Human Rights § 9.964 carves out a set of specific circumstances in which conduct that might otherwise appear to conflict with the Chapter's anti-discrimination rules is expressly permitted. These exemptions cover a range of actors and situations, including religious organizations limiting housing to members of their faith, private clubs restricting access to non-members, owner-occupied one- or two-family homes restricting occupancy by sex, and age-based restrictions required by law, among others. The provision also clarifies that affirmative action measures benefiting protected classes identified in § 9.955 remain permissible to the extent allowed by law.
Plain English — not legal advice.
Property owners and housing operators subject to Grand Rapids Ch. 176 § 9.964 should be aware that certain restrictions on occupancy or access are explicitly recognized as non-violations under this Chapter. For example, an owner who lives in and rents out a one- or two-family dwelling may restrict occupancy on the basis of sex, and religious organizations operating non-commercial housing may give preference to members of their faith, provided that membership in the religion is not itself discriminatory under § 9.955. Operators generally document the basis for any such restriction and confirm that it falls squarely within one of the enumerated exemptions and complies with applicable federal, state, and local law.
General guidance for property managers — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult an attorney for advice on your case.
Tenants in Grand Rapids should understand that § 9.964 of Ch. 176 identifies specific situations where a housing provider's restrictive practice is not considered a violation of the Chapter's human rights protections. However, these exemptions are narrowly defined — for instance, a religious organization's preference for co-religionists is only exempt if membership in that religion is not itself discriminatory based on a protected class listed in § 9.955. Tenants who believe a restriction goes beyond what § 9.964 permits may consider contacting a local tenant-rights organization, reviewing the Chapter's complaint procedures, or consulting with a legal aid resource to understand available options.
General guidance for tenants — not legal advice for your specific situation. Consult a tenant-rights organization or attorney for advice on your case.
Generated October 13, 2026 — auto-generated, not yet human-reviewed. See /transparency for methodology.
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